Clinical practice in Genomic era: legal and ethical perspective.

Bio:

Prof. Al Jasmi is Acting dean of College of Medicine and health science and Chair of Genetic & Genomic department, at College of Medicine & Health science, UAE University, Al Ain. Metabolic consultant at Tawam Hospital. She did her undergraduate studies at UAE University, UAE and graduated in 2000 with bachelor’s in medicine and health science. She pursued her postgraduate studies at University of Toronto, and Hospital for Sick Children, Canada. In 2006, Prof. Al Jasmi received Canadian Board of Pediatrics after completing the Pediatric residency program.  Subsequently, she did her fellowship in biochemical genetics and in 2008 and certified with Canadian College of Medical Genetics Board (Biochemical Genetics). Prof. Al Jasmi established the UAEU genomic lab at CMHS, UAEU. She is the chair of rare and metabolic disease committee at department of health. She participated in the expanding of national newborn screening and the premarital screening pilot study using Whole Exome sequencing. She organized and participated in numerous national and international conferences aiming to advance rare diseases community awareness, education and clinical sciences. She collaborated with numerous national and international clinical scientist to enhance rare metabolic disease research and clinical service. Prof. Al Jasmi research involved prevalence of inborn errors of metabolism in United Arab Emirate, Newborn screening in UAE, Whole exome sequencing for inborn errors of metabolism, mitochondrial DNA variation, lysosomal storage disorders, Peroxisomal disorders, identification of biomarker for propionate metabolism in addition to artificial intelligence in diagnosis of rare diseases. Dr. Al Jasmi is one of the founder of UAE rare disease society. Prof. Al Jasmi established the biochemical Genetic Fellowship at UAEU in collaboration with Tawam hospital and graduated two prominent Emirati consultants.

She is recipient of Prime Minister Award for excellence in a specialized job (2017) Chancellors’ Innovation Award (2015) Women in Science (WiS) Hall of Fame as an outstanding woman in science throughout the Middle East North Africa region (2015) and  L’Oreal UNESCO For Women in Science Pan Arab award (2013) Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al-Maktoum Award for Excellent Achievements in Medicine (2000).

Abstract:

The integration of genomics into clinical practice represents a transformative shift in healthcare, offering unprecedented opportunities for personalized medicine. The genomic data offers personalized and effective approaches in both preventive care and diagnosis. While preventive care uses genomic data to identify risks and implement strategies to prevent disease, diagnosis leverages this data to pinpoint the nature of disease to receive the right treatment at the right time. However, the clinical practice in genomic era present unique ethical challenges that healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, and patients must navigate. These challenges revolve around privacy, consent, equity, and the clinical application of genomic information. We will highlight the ethical and legal challenges in our local practice.

Civil liability for the actions of autonomous AI in healthcare: an invitation to further contemplation

Bio:

Dr. Mohammed is an accomplished academic with a robust educational background, holding a Bachelor's degree from the University of Sharjah (2010), a Master's degree from the University of Aberdeen (2012), and a PhD from Pennsylvania State University (2017). Currently an Assistant Professor in the College of Law, he specializes in arbitration, commercial law, intellectual property law, and liability. His research not only enriches his teaching but also offers critical insights into complex legal issues, bridging theoretical concepts with practical applications in the legal field. Through his work, Dr. Mohammed significantly contributes to both academic discourse and the broader legal landscape.

Abstract:

There are already a number of autonomous robots that play a significant role in improving the quality of healthcare in different areas ranging from basic health diagnosis to complex surgeries. However, using robots and machine learning applications in the healthcare context poses concerns over liability for patient injury. This paper will thus attempt to investigate the potential legal problems that might arise if AI technology evolves or is commonly used in clinical practice. It also examines whether the traditional doctrines of liability can adequately address the liability for the injuries stemming from acts of autonomous robots. As such, this paper adopted both descriptive and analytical methodologies to explore the main focus of the study. while the descriptive methodology was used to spot light on various theories of liability, the analytical methodology was used to critically examine the main theories that have been advanced to deal with autonomous robots and predict the necessity of legal reform.

Throughout this paper, the authors insist on the importance of distinguishing between robots in light of their degree of autonomy and then drafting liability rules depending on whether the action was done autonomously by an unattended robot or whether it was done automatically by an attended robot. Finally, the paper concludes with the proposal of a series of factors to be considered for the future regulation of AI Robots in the healthcare context.

Access to affordable essential medicines: A policy and legal perspective

Bio:

Professor Zaheer Babar is the Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice at the College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, and a Visiting Professor at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom. His previous academic positions include Professor in Medicines and Healthcare and Director of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice Research Centre, University of Huddersfield, UK (2017-2023), and Head of Pharmacy Practice, University of Auckland, New Zealand (2007-2016). He is widely acclaimed for his work in policy and practice, particularly in the areas of quality medicine use, medicine access, and pricing.

He has authored over 340 papers and is regarded as the leading researcher in the "pharmaceutical policy research category" in both Google and Scopus rankings. His publications have appeared in highly respected journals such as PLoS Medicine and The Lancet.

He has served as a consultant and advisor for the World Health Organization, Royal Pharmaceutical Society, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Health Action International, MSH, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Bank, European Union, International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), and the Pharmaceutical Management Agency of New Zealand.

Professor Babar's edited works include "Economic Evaluation of Pharmacy Services," "Pharmaceutical Prices in the 21st Century," "Pharmaceutical Policies in Countries with Developing Healthcare Systems," "Global Pharmaceutical Policy," "Access to High-Cost Medicines," "Pharmacy Practice Research Methods," "Pharmacy Practice Research Case Studies," and "Encyclopedia of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy." His most recent publication is "Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy."

He is the founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, a high-impact publication providing evidence-based insights and recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. He is passionate about advancing the quality, equity, and sustainability of healthcare systems and improving health outcomes for people around the world. If you wish to contact Professor Babar, you can reach him at z.babar@qu.edu.qa or z.babar@hud.ac.uk.

Member of the WHO Technical Advisory Group on Pricing Policies for Medicines (2023-2025)

Prof. Zaheer Babar has formulated medicine pricing policies for several countries, which have influenced laws and policy reforms, leading to better access to medicines.

Abstract:

Access to medicines is a fundamental human right and medicines pricing is a key determining factor. It is important to note that the countries with a fair pricing mechanism have generated relatively lower prices in international terms for their patients and citizens. The evidence from around the globe suggests that limited price regulation can lead to higher prices. Enhancing the technical capacity of relevant agencies to implement pricing principles and methodologies is equally effective.

Not having a structured medicines pricing policy can have a far-reaching impact on the pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical supply chain, retailers, prescribers as well as consumers. It has a potentially significant impact on pharmaceutical expenditure for the public sector, as well as on the consumers. A legal and policy framework is needed to build a concept of equitable and fair pricing. This presentation will discuss these issues in a global context. 

Title: Technology and innovation in sports, exercise, and health industry: current status and challenges

Bio:

Dr. Georgios earned a Diploma and MSc in Sport Science (Exercise Physiology) from Loughborough University, UK. He then completed his PhD, focusing on the regulation of cardiovascular and thermoregulatory systems during exercise. In addition to BSc, Diploma, MSc and PhD in sport science, Dr. Georgios has also earned an MBA (Master of Business Administration).

Following his PhD, Dr. Georgios served as a lecturer at the University of Athens and as adjunct academic staff at Harokopeio University, Greece, for 11 years. Since 2019, he has been an adjunct professor at the University of Southern Denmark and has also held a guest professorship at Shanghai Sport University. He served as an associate professor and Chair of the Physical Education Department at the UAE University from 2021 to 2024.

Dr. Georgios research interests encompass cardiovascular and metabolic responses during exercise, exercise and health, and football science, with a particular focus on injury prevention and performance optimization. He is a Fellow of the European College of Sport Science and a member of the American College of Sports Medicine.

In his editorial roles, Dr. Georgios is an associate editor for the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the top-ranked journal in its field, and serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Sport and Health Science, ranked third. His publication record includes over 100 papers, which have accumulated more than 11,500 citations on Google Scholar (h-index: 42) and over 5,200 citations on Scopus (h-index: 35).

Dr. Georgios has been recognized in Stanford University's list of the top 2% most cited scientists globally in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 and features in the top 2% career long list of best scientists of Stanford University.

Dr. Georgios has held various leadership roles within the industry, most recently serving as the International Director of the High-Performance team for Team China during the 2020 Olympic Games. Additionally, he has worked as a consultant for numerous global organizations focused on sport science, health and physical activity.

Abstract:

Sports technology has evolved significantly over the years (Robertson et al., 2023), primarily driven by advances in material sciences, wearable sensors, data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). This evolution has changed the way athletes train and how individuals exercise for health. Key innovations in sports, fitness and health industry include: 1) The introduction of micro sensors in training load monitoring: These micro sensors, placed on various body parts, assist in collecting valuable information regarding the physiological and mechanical load experienced by athletes during training and competition. 2) The implementation of AI in training programs design: Algorithms are now used to optimize training programs and assess the risk of injuries. 3) The usage of wearable sensors and AI for behavioral change: Devices such as heart rate monitors, step counters and smartphone applications are widely used to promote engagement in physical activity. Stakeholders in the sports industry range widely, including the competitive athletes, their coaches and sports administrators, amateur athletes and fitness enthusiasts, researchers, and health care professionals. Overall, the innovation in sports has significantly contributed to the elevation of the popularity of many sports and boosted participation in physical activity programs creating significant opportunities for various stakeholders. Despite the advances in sports technology, there are concerns around data ownership, privacy, and the regulatory framework (Flanagan et al., 2022).  This presentation aims to stimulate further discussion around the current status of technology use and innovation in sports, fitness and health industry and the legal challenge that must be addressed to ensure a sustainable growth in this fast-evolving field (Robertson et al., 2023).

References

Flanagan et al. (2022). Stats Entertainment: The Legal and Regulatory Issues Arising from the Data Analytics Movement in Association Football. Part Two: Data Privacy, the Broader Legal Context, and Conclusions on the Legal Aspects of Data Analytics in Football. Entertainment and Sports Law Journal, 20(1): 1–16.

Robertson et al. (2023). Development of a sports technology quality framework. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(22): 1983-1993.

The role of the law in promoting addiction rehabilitation.

Bio:

He is a graduate of the UAE University, where he obtained his bachelor's degree in 2013, his master's degree in 2019, and his doctorate from the same university in 2024.

Dr. Mohammed Bin Shamal played a leadership role at the UAE University, where he served as the first president of the Student Council in the first session of the council's formation in 2012. Bin Shamal participated in the third and fourth student conferences with lectures on various topics, and Bin Shamal was awarded the title of Ambassador of Arab Youth Thought for the year 2014.

After graduating from the UAE University, he held a number of leadership positions, where he served as a legal advisor at the Abu Dhabi Health Services Company and then as a legal advisor and expert at the Community Contributions Authority - Together.

He currently holds the position of Director of the Legal Affairs Department at the National Rehabilitation Center in Abu Dhabi. At the same time, he is a member of the External Audit Committee at the Department of Energy in Abu Dhabi, a member of the Medical Protocols Committee of the National Committee for Addiction Recovery, and Chairman of the Private Sector Investment Promotion Committee, which also follows the National Committee for Addiction Recovery. He also served as a member of the Legal Committee of the Integrity Association from 2021 to 2023.

Abstract:

Rapid globalization has led societies to acquire a mixture of customs and phenomena considered foreign to the community. Among the negative effects and phenomena that concern countries and their societies is the phenomenon of drug addiction and substance abuse. This phenomenon undermines society, disintegrates its bonds, and works to destroy its fabric.

Therefore, the legislator in the United Arab Emirates rushed to address this issue by tackling it before it spreads and before it has a detrimental effect on society. Legislation was enacted to address all these phenomena and work on treating them and their owners through successive updates to the laws. The legislator issued a law establishing the National Rehabilitation Center, defining its objectives and roles to address these foreign phenomena and treat them in accordance with the powers and competencies granted to the center by the law.

Additionally, the legislator issued Law No. 30 of 2021 concerning combating drugs and psychotropic substances, as well as Law No. 10 of 2023 regarding mental health. All of this is based on the need for a legislative framework and regulation for addiction treatment according to mandatory and clear legislation. Therefore, this research paper will address the role played by the law in addiction treatment through the aforementioned legislation.

Genomic Privacy Protection in Emirati Law

Bio:

Professor of Criminal Law, specializing in comparative studies between legal systems. He obtained his PhD in Criminal Law from Ain Shams University in Egypt in 2009 with honors, in addition to obtaining his Master's and Bachelor's degrees in Law from Mutah University in Jordan.

He held academic positions at Zarqa University, the University of Applied Sciences in Bahrain, and Al Ain University in the UAE, where he currently holds the position of Professor at the Faculty of Law/Al Ain University. His research interests include various aspects of criminal justice, with a special focus on topics such as privacy protection, environmental crimes, restorative justice, and corporate governance. He has published numerous research papers in prestigious international journals, including several articles in journals classified in the Scopus database Q1. Q2.

He has supervised and discussed several Master's theses, participated in many international conferences, and authored several important books in the field of criminal law.

For more information, please refer to:

• Scopus Profile
• Orcid Profile
• Google Scholar
• Researchgate

Abstract:

Dr. Fatiha M.Gourari & Dr. Mohammed Alkrisheh

Amidst the rapid advancements in biotechnology and genomics, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is taking proactive steps in the field of medical technology. Reflecting its ambitious vision and earnest desire to keep pace with the latest scientific and technological advancements in genomic medicine, the UAE launched the Emirati Genome Project. This project aims to empower the medical community and healthcare institutions in the UAE to harness the power of genomic technology to improve healthcare standards for citizens and contribute to achieving national healthcare priorities. It involves utilizing genomic data of UAE citizens to enhance public health.

Modern medical research, especially genomic research, is changing the nature of medicine, raising concerns about the potential negative implications of these changes. Recognizing the importance of protecting privacy and ensuring the ethical and legal use of genomic data, the UAE legislator issued Law No. 49 of 2023 regarding the regulation of human genome usage. This research aims to shed light on the importance of genomic privacy in UAE law, which is essential to ensure the safety of genomic data and preserve individual rights. It also aims to establish the necessary frameworks and controls for the use of the human genome in medical and scientific research, contributing to regulating this usage and ensuring compliance with ethical and legal standards.

The problem of the research lies in the challenges facing UAE legislators in achieving a balance between the rights of individuals to preserve their genomic privacy and the scientific and medical necessity for the development of medical research. This balance is essential to ensure the effective and secure use of genomic data while maximizing the benefits of scientific research in the field of human genomics.

The research elements consist of defining the nature of the right to genomic privacy,

analyzing the legal guarantees available in UAE law to protect genomic privacy, such as prior consent for processing genomic data and the right of individuals to confidentiality of their genomic data. The research also addresses the critical issues related to genomic privacy and the provisions established for it.

In conclusion, the results and recommendations highlight the importance of establishing a balance between the rights of individuals and the scientific and medical necessity, as well as the need for effective legal mechanisms to protect individual rights and ensure the confidentiality of their genomic data. This contributes to enhancing trust in genomic research and attracting more researchers and investors. Overall, Federal Decree-Law No. 49 of 2023 reflects the UAE's commitment to promoting genomic research ethically and legally, enhancing its position as a leading destination for innovation and development in the field of medicine and science.

Keywords: Genomic protection, Right to privacy, Emirati Genome Program, Genomic data, Emirati reference genome, Biobank, Genomic screening, Genomic survey.

 

Towards coherence in global health law and pandemic governance

Bio:

Professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Faculty of Law at the University of Toronto and a Canada Research Chair in Human Rights and Global Health Equity (Tier 2). She is an international human rights law scholar whose research explores how the right to health may contribute to advancing health equity, including in relation to access to medicines, trade-related intellectual property rights, universal health coverage, global health policy, South African constitutional law, pandemic responses, and COVID-19. Dr. Forman has published widely in these areas in the peer reviewed literature and beyond, and her work has been supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the European Commission, the World Health Organization, the Connaught Fund, and the Lupina Foundation.

Dr. Forman has worked with global civil society, the United Nations, and governments. She is a member of the Global Health Law Consortium and a former member of the Ontario COVID-19 Health System Response Bioethics Table. Dr. Forman qualified as an attorney of the High Court of South Africa, with a BA and LLB from the University of the Witwatersrand. Her graduate studies include a Master of Arts in Human Rights Studies from Columbia University and a Doctorate in Juridical Science from the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Law.

Abstract:

The COVID pandemic illuminated significant weaknesses in the global governance of pandemics and the need for stronger legal frameworks within international and regional law to address these weaknesses. The international legal response to these gaps and weaknesses have been to initiate the ongoing negotiation of a pandemic accord and the 2024 amendments to the International Health Regulations (IHR). Both initiatives have attempted to remedy the weaknesses and gaps of pandemic governance when it comes to key issues such as equitable access to pandemic health products, health systems strengthening, and international financing.
Yet international law and policy already offer important guidance in this regard including universal health coverage (UHC) under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) and international human rights law related to health. Moreover, the linkage between these domains and trade-related intellectual property rights under the World Trade Organization (WTO) are weakly or inadequately made in the pandemic context. The pandemic thus underscored a disjuncture between pandemic governance and other domains of international law and policy related to health which have come to be loosely categorized as ‘global health law.’ This disjuncture speaks to a larger problem of fragmentation in international law where functionally linked areas are disconnected in practice to the detriment of governance, efficacy, and outcomes. I argue that what is needed instead is a coherent global health law approach to pandemic governance.
In my presentation I will explore this idea focusing on two key (but by no means exhaustive) issues in pandemic governance: namely, core capacity strengthening and equitable access to pandemic health products. To do so, I will first sketch the landscape of global health law, the problem of legal and policy fragmentation, and how this manifested in COVID-19. Second, I will consider overlaps and tensions between duties around health system strengthening and access to medicines in global health law, considering the IHR, the SDGs, international human rights law, and WTO law. Third, I will look at how current reforms address these issues, considering the 2024 amendments to the IHR and a potential Pandemic Accord. Finally, I will consider what a coherent approach within global health law to pandemic preparedness might entail in these two areas if it were to better consider their duties throughout global health law.

The situation of the tobacco use epidemic in the region is alarming

Bio:

Dr EL- Awa is a regional advisor for the Tobacco Free Initiative programme in the WHO EMRO office, She supports the 22 Member States of EMRO in applying, adopting and developing tobacco control policies, based on the WHO FCTC, MPOWER and NCD best buys, through a variety of activities including training, capacity building, developing of technical and awareness raising, developing of regional and country profiles…etc. Dr El-Awa coordinates between the region and other international partners on tobacco control activities.

Dr El-Awa has a legal background that qualifies her to provide the needed legal technical support for countries in advancing their tobacco control legislations, policies, and strategies. She holds LLM  in both private and Islamic law, also she holds a PhD in Law.

Dr El-Awa is the author and co-author for a number of publications and peer-reviewed articles in support of tobacco control in the region.

Dr El-Awa participated as a speaker, organizer, and trainer in many regional and international meetings and conferences.

Dr El-Awa served as Ombudsperson twice in the organization for nearly 8 years.

Dr El-Awa took the role of health and human rights focal point for nearly 5 years in WHO EMRO.

Dr El Awa is one of the chairs of the Global Advisory Board for the DG in WHO.

Qualification/s:

Dr El-Awa holds a PhD degree in Comparative Law and Arbitration, also LLM in Islamic and Private law, she holds a first degree in law LLB,

Years of practice:

2022-todate- one of the GAC chairs for the DG in WHO.

Between 2010 to 2022 – for different time was the Ombudsperson in WHO EMRO.

2004 - to-date Regional Advisor, Tobacco Free Initiative, WHO EMRO.

2004 – 2008 Regional Focal Point, Health and Human Rights.

1999 Legal Officer in WHO in support of the WHO FCTC negotiation process.

1991 - 1999 Practiced Lawyer.

Abstract:

The situation of the tobacco use epidemic in the region is alarming, there are many factors contributing to its expansion. The presence of new products either Nicotine or tobacco, the efforts of the tobacco industry, lack of commitment sometimes, weak implementation of legislations or its absence, are all key factors that are contributing to the rising of tobacco prevalence in the region in some countries.

Despite the challenges, we know what works and we need to accelerate its implementation accordingly, the full enforcement of the WHO FCTC and the MPOWER policy package, the continuation of monitoring the tobacco industry, raising awareness, and conducting awareness raising campaigns, all these are vital to control the epidemic.

In light of the global and regional commitments, all players must come together to make sure that the global target of decreasing tobacco use by 30% towards 2025 and the SDG target towards 2030 will work in the region, right now according to the estimates of the WHO Report on the Tobacco Use Trends, Member States of the Eastern Mediterranean Region are divided into 5 groups:

1. Countries that will achieve the target
2. Countries that won’t achieve the target but reducing in prevalence
3. Countries that will not achieve the target but increasing in prevalence
4. Countries that will not achieve the target but will remain as they are
5. Countries with no data to measure their trend.

There is a need to increase the number in the first categories of countries to make sure that the region wont fall behind other regions in terms of archiving the global target.

The presentation will focus on the above elements and will indeed draw attention to the needed action to move forward at national and regional level towards successful tobacco control.

Introducing the Genomic Program and its Current and Future Benefits

Bio:

Dr. Ahmad Al Awadhi is a highly experienced professional serving as the Director of Community Outreach at G42 Healthcare since July 2020. With a distinguished career in law enforcement, Dr. Al Awadhi held various significant roles at Abu Dhabi Police from January 1981 to June 2019, including Brigadier, Director and Founder of the Forensic Science Laboratory, and Deputy Director of the Medical Services Directory. Additionally, Dr. Al Awadhi contributed to academia as a lecturer at institutions such as Abu Dhabi Police College, Al Hosn University, and the University of California. Dr. Al Awadhi also engaged in sports analysis and writing through positions at Dubai TV, Abu Dhabi Radio, and Al Roeya Newspaper, while actively participating as a team manager and board member at Baniyas Sports and Cultural Club.

Current position is the Director of Community Outreach at G42 Healthcare, overseeing the community outreach activities, educating the community about the company services and the Emirati Genome Program, as well as, sample collection and recruitment plan for the program. Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences and Genetics.

Abstract:

Click here to read the Abstract

 

Genomic Privacy Protection in Emirati Law

Bio:

Prof. Fatiha Gourari is an Acting Dean and a Professor in Criminal Law of the College of Law at UAEU. Her extensive experience includes serving as the Dean of the Law Faculty at Sharjah University (2002-2004) and heading the Public Law Department at both Sharjah University and UAEU. She was Vice-Dean at UAEU from 2016 to 2023.

Prof. Gourari is a certified reviewer for academic programs, a former legal adviser for the UAE Ministry of Public Works and Housing, and an active researcher with publications in criminal law, justice, and criminal procedures. She is a member of the International Associations of Criminal Law and French Associations of Criminal Law.

Abstract:

Click here to read the Abstract

Criminal Protection against Violations of the Health Advertising System

Bio:

Prof. Abou El Wafa Mohamed Abou El Wafa Ibrahim is currently a Criminal Law Professor at the College of Law, United Arab Emirates University. He holds a Ph.D. in Sharia Policy (Criminal Law Compared with Islamic Law) from Azhar University (1994).

His academic career includes roles as Assistant and Associate Professor at Azhar University, Tanta, and positions at Qatar and UAE universities. He has extensive publications on topics like criminal law and Islamic jurisprudence, including studies on fraud, the role of media in criminal acts, and the effectiveness of criminal trials.

Abstract:

The paper discusses the legal significance of providing special criminal protection against advertisements that violate the health advertising system according to Federal Law No. (13) of the year 2020 Concerning Public Health. It emphasizes the inadequacy of relying solely on general rules in this regard due to the risk these advertisements pose to public health, especially with the increase in such advertisements on certain satellite channels broadcasting from free zones within the country. This issue is of greater importance than protecting consumers from false and misleading advertisements as stipulated in the Consumer Protection Law. The paper also addresses the conditions required for health advertising as outlined in Article 22 of this law, as well as the conditions, regulations, and procedures specified in Cabinet Resolution No. (7) of 2007 Concerning the Health Advertising System, as amended by Resolution No. (61) of 2023. This does not contradict the principle of criminal legality, as the law itself includes provisions for criminalization and punishment. However, it leaves the detailed conditions for health advertising to the Cabinet resolution due to the impracticality of including them in the law. Additionally, the paper examines the supervision of health advertisements carried out by the Ministry of Health and Prevention.

The paper also addresses the crime committed by anyone who publishes or broadcasts a health advertisement in violation of the rules and requirements of the health advertising system, punishable by a fine ranging from fifty thousand dirhams to one hundred and fifty thousand dirhams according to Article 33/5 of this law. Since the penalties stipulated in this law do not supersede any stricter penalty prescribed by another law (Article 33/1), the legal classification and punishment for this crime differ when the advertisement intentionally jeopardizes people's lives or safety by using substances that could cause death or serious harm to public health. In such cases, the punishment can extend to life imprisonment according to Article 349 of the Federal Penal Code issued by Federal Decree-Law No. (31) of the year 2021.

The paper concludes with a set of findings and recommendations derived from the study.

Ethics, laws, and regulations of organ donation and transplantation on a global scale

Bio:

Dr. Driss Ed-Daran is currently an Assistant Professor at the College of Law, UAEU, and has previously held roles as an Assistant Professor at Ajman University and Sultan Qaboos University. He served as a counselor for the President of the local government of Kelaa Dea Sraghna Province in Marrakesh, focusing on international cooperation and legal affairs. Dr. Ed-Daran holds a Doctorate and Master’s Degree in International Law from Wuhan University, China, and a Bachelor’s in Law from Mohammed V University, Morocco.

Abstract:

Donating organs and receiving transplants has changed the lives of many people all over the globe. Due diligence in addressing ethical and legal concerns is critical, notwithstanding its potential as a therapy for certain types of advanced organ illness.

Here we'll go over three rules: the Dead Donor Rule, which governs the practice of using organs from people who have passed away; the 'Rule of Consent,' which takes into account the wishes of organ recipients as well as those of living donors; and lastly, the 'Fair Transplant Rule,' which safeguards against the difficult problems of exploitation and equitable kidney distribution.

With these regulations in place, organ donation and transplantation should be carried out in an ethically sound manner. All jurisdictions are subject to these regulations, which have the potential to act worldwide. It is recommended that clinicians see organ donation as an intricate web of distinct ethical and legal actions that need separate evaluation for each donor patient, rather than as a singular occurrence.