Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just an imaginary dream or a science fiction, but a well-established fact with many successful applications that mimic or even surpass human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence applications are capable of independent action rather than merely following instructions. They further exhibit high levels of autonomy, reasoning, and capacity of learning according to which they can take the initiative, interact with their environment, and even make decisions based on their self-modified instructions without any human guidance. Despite the benefits of this socially desirable technology, it still generates considerable challenges especially regarding the fit between law and technology, and whether or not the current law adequately accommodates the unique aspects of Artificial intelligence technology.
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Associate Professor- Private Law Department -College of Law- UAEU
Title:
Artificial Intelligence and Law: Do We Need a Thoughtful Reconsideration
Abstract:
This paper discusses the main doctrinal questions posed by the advent of Artificial Intelligence, and investigates whether or not the traditional legal framework is still sufficient to realistically answer such questions. It also sheds light on the various approaches that have been advanced to deal with Artificial Intelligence, and addresses the issue of what the law ought to be in order to successfully handle this technology and its potential effects in our normal lives. This paper, however, is not intended to provide the final answer to all questions and challenges in this regard, but to identify the main components, and provide some perspectives on how to deal with such issue.
Title:
The Intellectual Property Road to the Knowledge Economy: Remarks on the Readiness
of the UAE Copyright Act to Drive Artificial Intelligence Innovation
Abstract:
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) Copyright Act has a degree of flexibility that can stimulate the investment in artificial intelligence (AI) systems for the purpose of producing literary, artistic and scientific works. Its provisions reflect an underlying reconciliation between the economic and moral dimensions of copyright and, therefore, can allow courts to embrace the copyrightability of AI-generated works despite the non-human nature of AI system’s expressions and creative character. Given the commercial nature of the process enabling the production of AI-generated works and its multiple actors, the UAE Copyright Act’s provisions on collective works are arguably suitable to support corporations to claim authorship and ownership of the copyright in AI-generated works. In return, as the beneficiaries of the rights derived from AI-generated works, these corporations can be held accountable for AI copyright infringements.
AI systems require training on large datasets to develop their capabilities, using techniques such as text and data mining. Therefore, introducing in the UAE Copyright Act a copyright exception for this purpose, subject to conditions including the payment of a fair compensation to the rights holders of the used works, should deter vexatious litigations and, as a result, facilitate AI innovations.
Overall, viewed in its national and global technological and economic ecosystem, copyright law in the UAE has the potential to play an active role in driving copyright-related innovation in the era of AI.
Head of Legal Counsultancy Section
Title:
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Provision of Legal Advice
Abstract:
As part of United Arab Emirates strategy of artificial intelligence, the country seeks to adopt artificial intelligence in the coming phase. In order to reach this goal, UAE needs a legal infrastructure to implement it. This will only be achieved through specialized research and legal studies.
Therefore, there is a great responsibility on the legal specialists to create a legal environment to face the potential legal challenges that may arise from using artificial intelligence technologies. Through legal principles, legal professionals must help decision-makers face these challenges.
Accordingly, Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) is working on Smart Legal initiative called (Smart Legal Advisor). The initiative relies mainly on artificial intelligence technology to provide legal services. Based on this initiative, SCA’s legal services will be provided using artificial intelligence through linking more than 1100 legal articles from 80 legislations. Artificial Intelligence will analyze the legislations and address their stakeholders, rights and duties that fall on them.
By thinking of the stage that comes after achieving this goal which certainly will carry the desire to make legal decisions of great importance, makes us wonder about a lot of things. Does the artificial intelligence technology will be able to meet the requirements of issuing the administrative decision without any human intervention? Would that be considered as a conflict of the principles of jurisdiction and delegation? Or it might help reducing the cases of the invalidity of administrative decisions considering that this technology will respect and apply the conditions impartially? Will the use of artificial intelligence require the presence of legislation that legitimizes decisions issued by this technology?
All of this will require legal professionals to make great efforts since that the UAE’s strategy is under implementation. Therefore, UAE needs research and legal experiments regarding artificial intelligence to take the advantages of this technology as much as possible.
Undoubtedly, artificial intelligence will help finding many legal solutions to current issues and support many studies through forecasting, analyzing and recommending best solutions to face these challenges.
UAE will needs minds that do not recognize the term of impossible, believe in the ability of using AI in future projects and business.
Founder and Chairman of Emirates Child Protection Association (ECPA),
A Non-Resident Internal Management Consultant at Emirates Center for Government Knowledge/ by Mohammed bin Rashid School of Government MBRSG
CEO of “Digital Research Technologies
Title:
Abstract:
United Arab Emirates University
Title:
The Potential Effect of the Use of AI on the Protection of Human Rights: Non-Discrimination and Due Process
Abstract:
The current buzzword in many fields is “AI” – Artificial Intelligence – and its conceivable uses in different arenas, particularly in healthcare. At the same time, there have been many scandals concerning the way AI is used to harness individual’s data without meaningful consent, not least of which is the Facebook Cambridge-Analytica saga. Within the fields of international humanitarian law, there have been concerns with the use of automated weapons and the potential effects on individual criminal responsibility. Within the field of human rights, NGOs have observed the potential ways in which the use of AI may violate the individual human rights to privacy, to due process, and to non-discrimination. This paper will focus on the latter point, as this issue is one that has implications today and in the future. Algorithms, for example, have been used in the US State of Florida to recommend parole sentences; however, because they relied on biased historic data, they discriminated based on the race of the offender. AI has also been used in Los Angeles to identify persons who are most likely to commit violent crimes; the program was scrapped due to evidence of racial bias, and heavier policing in certain communities. This paper will examine the current uses of AI that perpetuate or have the potential to perpetuate discrimination, as well as future implications of the use of such programs in policing and due process contexts.
Associate Professor - College of Law - UAEU
Title:
Artificial Intelligence companies
Abstract:
In 2014, the World Economic Forum predicted that “Artificial Intelligence (AI)” will be on the board of directors of commercial companies by 2025. However, at the same year “2014, Hong Kong announced the first used of AI on the board of directors of a commercial company.
Commercial companies are not immune from the need to include AI, as labor, employees or board members, and perhaps shareholders and insiders. Since, today, it is mandatory to include AI in almost all aspects of life.
Like other fields of science and knowledge, the inclusion of AI in the field of commercial companies’ laws raised many questions, such as:
How AI complies with the rules of the law of commercial companies? Are current commercial companies’ laws rules able to accommodate and solve problems raised by AI or do they need to be modified? Can board members of commecricial companies use AI in decision-making? Does the law allow AI to replace board members of commercial companies?
These and other questions are the essence of this paper that titled “Artificial Intelligence companies” (legal aspect).
Associate Professor - Public Law - UAEU
Artificial Intelligence technologies, which are capable of independent action, learning, and reasoning, may give rise to many difficulties especially with regard to the attribution of criminal liability for the actions of such technologies. This paper thus examines the different theories of liability in the area of autonomous vehicles. Furthermore, this paper explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence on criminal law and the role that such technology may play especially with regard to helping judges to determine the suitable sanctions or taking the decision of conditional release.
Executive Director of Silicon Flatirons Center for Law, Technology, and Entrepreneurship
Title:
Preventing a Race to the Bottom: Planning for Human Rights in the Age of AI
Abstract:
